Translation vs. Interpretation
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Translation is the transference of written text from one language into another.
Interpretation is the transference of speech or signs from one language into another, and can be done consecutively or simultaneously.
These two fields have developed as separate professions because they require different skill sets. Bilingualism does not qualify one as a translator or interpreter. It is like asking a ballet dancer to perform tap dance. She is a "dancer" so she can tap. Or asking a pianist to perform the violin because she is a musician. Or asking LeBron James to step in for Serena Williams because he is an "athlete." You get the idea. Interpreting and translation require skills above and beyond being able to speak the language.
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Translators and interpreters spend several years training in these skills, and like any vocation, the learning is never done after that. We constantly practice. Both professions require knowledge of specialized fields (e.g. medicine, law), knowledge of different registers, thorough sociocultural contextual knowledge, awareness of relevant ethical issues and practice in ethical decision-making.
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Language Justice is a framework and a practice. Rather than give a definition, I like to speak about it in terms of guidelines, values, principles, etc.
It is a practice that
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creates the conditions for every person to equitably participate in society regardless of the language they use.
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grants equal access to information, practices of information-seeking, and decision-making.
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respects and allows people their choice of language, expression and communicative behavior.
For a detailed look, visit the Language Justice page.
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Learn more from translation, interpreting, and language justice resources.